Colorectal cancer, affecting the colon (large intestine) or rectum, ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. When this cancer advances to stage 4, spreading beyond the colon, it becomes a formidable challenge. 

While the concept of a ‘cure’ for stage 4 colon cancer is complex, but ongoing advancements in colorectal cancer treatment offer hope. Globally, the survival rate for stage 4 colon cancer has improved, with approximately 14% of patients surviving five years or more. 

This blog aims to provide insights into stage 4 colon cancer, covering topics like how it forms, when it is classified as stage 4, and typical treatment approaches for this stage of the disease.

How Does Colon Cancer Form?

Colon cancer typically begins as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inner lining of the colon. Over time, some of these polyps can develop into colon cancer. The exact cause of colon cancer is not known, but certain factors such as age, family history, and inflammatory bowel diseases can increase the risk. 

Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and smoking can also play a role in its development. Regular screenings can help detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous.

Dr Deep Goel, renowned for his compassionate approach and expertise in colorectal cancer treatment, provides comprehensive care to patients at every stage of their journey. He stays abreast of the latest advancements in cancer treatment and is dedicated to improving outcomes and quality of life for his patients.

When is Colon Cancer Classified as Stage 4? 

Colon cancer is classified as Stage 4 when it has spread (metastasized) from the colon to distant organs or tissues. This stage is also known as metastatic colon cancer. Common sites of metastasis include the liver, lungs, peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity), and distant lymph nodes. 

Stage 4 colon cancer is considered advanced and more challenging to treat than earlier stages. 

How is Stage 4 Colon Cancer Typically Treated?

Treating stage 4 colon cancer typically involves a combination of therapies tailored to the patient’s specific condition. The treatment for colorectal cancer at this stage may vary depending on factors such as the extent of the spread, the location of the metastases, the overall health of the patient, and other individual considerations. 

Treatment options for colorectal cancer at stage 4 include:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of colorectal cancer at stage 4. It involves using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Chemotherapy can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments.

Surgery

In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the primary tumour in the colon as well as any metastases that are confined to a specific area and can be safely removed. Surgery is often combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy drugs are designed to target specific abnormalities in cancer cells. They may be used in combination with chemotherapy to improve treatment outcomes.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy works by stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It is a promising treatment option for some patients with metastatic colon cancer.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It is not typically used as a primary treatment for Stage 4 colon cancer but may be used to relieve symptoms or shrink tumours in some instances.

Clinical Trials

Participation in clinical trials may be an option for some patients with Stage 4 colon cancer. Clinical trials test new treatments or combinations of treatments to determine their safety and effectiveness.

Palliative Care 

Palliative care focuses on providing relief from symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients with advanced cancer. It is an integral part of the overall treatment plan for Stage 4 colon cancer.

Can Stage 4 Colon Cancer Be Cured?

Stage 4 colon cancer, while challenging, can be treated effectively, and in some cases, it can be cured. Advances in medical treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, have significantly improved outcomes for patients with advanced colon cancer. 

While the goal of treatment may shift from curing the cancer to managing it as a chronic condition, many individuals with stage 4 colon cancer can achieve long-term remission and a good quality of life. Patients need to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalised treatment plan that gives them the best chance of success.

Dr. Goel stresses the importance of early detection and the role of ongoing research in improving outcomes for patients with advanced colon cancer.

One grateful patient of Dr. Deep shared, “I felt devastated upon my stage 4 colon cancer diagnosis, but Dr. Deep’s expertise and compassionate care instilled hope in me. He explained my treatment options clearly and supported me throughout. Thanks to him and his team, I am now in remission and living a fulfilling life.”

Another patient expressed, “Dr. Deep is not just an oncologist; he is a lifesaver. His knowledge, empathy, and dedication are unmatched. When I faced stage 4 colon cancer, he guided me with confidence and reassurance. I am grateful to Dr. Deep for giving me a second chance at life.”

What is the Cost of Colorectal Cancer Treatment in India?

The cost of colorectal cancer treatment in India ranges from INR 3,00,000 to INR 10,00,000 or more for surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In USD, this would be approximately $4,000 to $13,000 or more. 

However, these are rough estimates, and actual costs can vary significantly depending on the hospital, the type of treatment required, the stage of cancer, and other factors. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or hospital for an accurate cost estimate based on individual circumstances.

Conclusion

Stage 4 colon cancer presents a significant challenge, but it is not a hopeless situation. With advancements in medical science and a personalised treatment approach, many patients can achieve long-term remission and a good quality of life. Individuals at risk or with a diagnosis of colon cancer need to stay informed, undergo regular screenings, and seek prompt medical attention if any symptoms arise. 

By raising awareness, supporting ongoing research, and advocating for early detection and effective treatment, we can continue to improve outcomes for those affected by stage 4 colon cancer.

FAQs

Q: What are the common symptoms of stage 4 colon cancer?

A: Symptoms may include abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

Q: How often should one undergo screening for colon cancer?

A: Screening guidelines vary, but regular screenings are recommended for individuals over 45 or earlier if there is a family history.

Q: Are there any lifestyle changes that can help prevent colon cancer?

A: Yes, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can reduce the risk.

Q: Can stage 4 colon cancer metastasize to other organs besides the liver and lungs?

A: Yes, it can spread to other organs such as the peritoneum, distant lymph nodes, and less commonly, bones.

Q: Are there alternative or complementary treatments that can help in managing stage 4 colon cancer?

A: Some patients adopt complementary therapies like acupuncture, meditation, or herbal supplements, but these should be discussed with healthcare providers to ensure they do not interfere with conventional treatments.

Explore more blogs: Colon Cancer Surgery: What You Need to Know?