Rectal cancer is a global health problem that affects millions of people. More than 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer were reported in 2020. These figures emphasize the need to handle this issue appropriately.

Signs of rectal cancer include diarrhea, constipation, or blood in your poop. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. 

Surgery is a crucial component in the fight against rectal cancer. Approximately 50% of rectal cancer patients have surgical operations to remove tumors and damaged tissues. In some situations, patients may need a colostomy, a surgically constructed hole that aids waste disposal.

Dr. Deep Goel has 23 years of expertise in treating rectal cancer. With an excellent track record in rectal cancer procedures, he ensures patients get quality care throughout their treatment.

This blog discusses the various surgical options available and provides insights into what patients can expect during their surgical journey. The mission is to empower individuals with the knowledge to face rectal cancer treatment confidently, making recovery more manageable and less daunting.

What is Rectum?

The rectum is the last section of the large intestine or colon before the anus. Its principal role is to store and control solid waste removal from the body before it is evacuated.

What is Rectal Cancer?

Rectal cancer is a malignant tumor that forms in the rectum, the lower part of the large intestine. It can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early.

Who does Rectal Cancer Affect?

Rectal cancer affects both men and women, though men are slightly more likely to develop the disease. In most cases, people diagnosed with the disease are over 50. However, teens and young adults can develop rectal cancer, as well.

How Common is Rectal Cancer?

Approximately 5% of people will develop rectal cancer at some point. Of those people, about 11% will be under 50.

What types of Surgery are used to Treat Rectal Cancer?

There are three types of surgery used to treat rectal cancer:

• Transanal local excision: This procedure treats very early-stage rectal cancers. During this procedure, a surgeon removes a small area of the rectum wall containing the early tumor through instruments passed through the anus. 
• Proctectomy: During this surgery, a surgeon removes all or part of the rectum that contains the tumor. Usually, the colon can be brought down and connected to the remaining rectum or directly to the anus in sphincter-preserving surgery. This allows the patient to retain bowel passage through the anus, although the stool frequency and patterns will likely differ. The surgeon often makes a temporary diverting ileostomy bag to protect the new connection. This plastic bag collects waste from the digestive tract and needs to be emptied throughout the day. This is done to divert the stool away from the colon and give the new connection the best chance to heal. If the sphincter can’t be preserved, the surgeon will create a permanent colostomy and insert a colostomy bag. This plastic bag collects waste from the digestive tract and needs to be emptied throughout the day.
• Pelvic exenteration: This type of surgery is needed if rectal cancer has spread to the surrounding organs within the pelvis. During this highly specialized operation, surgeons will remove the rectum containing the tumor and any part of any adjacent organs that may also be directly involved by the cancer — including other bowel or intestine, reproductive organs, bladder, bone, or other tissue — and then perform the reconstruction. Patients who have had a pelvic exenteration often need a colostomy bag.

Dr. Deep Goel emphasizes the significance of a tailored approach to rectal cancer surgery. He says, “The choice of technique depends on the individual patient’s unique circumstances, the stage of the cancer, and the treatment goals.”

What Is the Cost of Rectum Cancer Treatment in India?

The cost of rectum cancer treatment in India ranges from INR Rs. 1,50,000/- to INR Rs. 6,00,000/- Lakhs. Various factors, such as treatment modes, cancer stage, hospital preferences, and specialized care needs, drive this broad price range. Treatment costs are also affected by geographical location and access to healthcare services.

What about Post-Surgery Recovery?

Your recovery depends on the type of surgery you undergo. According to Dr. Goel, patients with a proctectomy typically stay in the hospital for two to five days or may have to wait until they have a bowel movement. Patients are usually up and walking around about 24 hours after surgery. Bowel function will typically return two to three days following surgery. Pain is the strongest for the first 48 hours and then begins to subside. 

Dr. Goel says, “The recovery process is slower for patients who have undergone a pelvic exenteration. Typically, these patients stay in the hospital for two to three weeks and spend the following months getting their strength back by working with a physical therapist.”

However, patients who have had a temporary ileostomy or permanent colostomy as a part of their proctectomy or pelvic exenteration may need to stay in the hospital longer as they adjust to using the ostomy bag.

One of the happy patients of Dr. Deep Geol said, “After my rectal cancer surgery with Dr. Deep Goel, my recovery exceeded my expectations. The support from him and his team made a significant difference. I was up and walking within a day, and my bowel function returned smoothly. Dr. Goel’s expertise and the enhanced recovery process ensured my healing was faster, and I needed minimal pain medication. Today, I am back to a normal, active life and incredibly grateful.”

Another satisfied patient mentioned, “Facing rectal cancer surgery was daunting, but Dr. Deep Goel’s care was exceptional. The recovery journey, guided by his experienced hands, was challenging, but he and his team made it bearable. Despite the pelvic exenteration, I regained my strength with the help of a dedicated physical therapist. Dr. Goel’s expertise and personalized approach gave me hope, and I’m now adapting to life with an ostomy bag while enjoying the activities I love.”

What Other Methods Are Used to Treat Rectal Cancer?

Dr. Goel mentioned that many rectal cancer patients will need additional treatments, typically a combination of chemotherapy and radiation and typically before surgery. 

Therefore, for rectal cancer, it’s essential to see a specialized care team with experience treating rectal cancer and who understand all aspects of your rectal cancer treatment. When choosing a care team, look for one that will coordinate your care and enable you to receive the best treatment possible.

Overall, the cancer stage determines the type of treatment a rectal cancer patient receives. However, an experienced team also considers the patient’s tumor molecular characteristics and personal wishes to design a personalized treatment regimen. 

Dr. Deep Goel conducts clinical trials using liquid biopsies to determine the following steps to take more accurately. The biopsies show how cancer has impacted the bloodstream and help guide the use of chemotherapy after surgery.

What Should Young Rectal Cancer Patients Know?

“Young rectal cancer patients face a unique set of challenges. They have so many years ahead of them but face significant changes as survivors.,” says Dr. Geol.

Thus, these patients need to select a cancer center where the doctors are experts in treating rectal cancer and understand what’s critical to a young patient. 

What Should Patients Preparing for Rectal Cancer Surgery Know?

Rectal cancer affects a critical body area. Choose a knowledgeable, empathetic care team to discuss your concerns openly.

Often, we see patients who first underwent surgery at another hospital. In many cases, the patient’s cancer has returned, and they need a pelvic exenteration. 

The patient should seek care from leading experts like Dr. Deep Goel, who is skilled at performing this complicated surgery. It might be challenging to decide to have more of the rectum removed initially, but it’s better in the long run. 

Conclusion

Rectal cancer surgery, a critical aspect of treatment, offers hope to millions worldwide. Dr. Deep Goel’s expertise in this field ensures tailored, effective procedures. Post-surgery recovery varies but is guided by skilled hands and a dedicated team. Specialized care, considering individual factors, is paramount. For young patients, choosing the right experts is vital. Decisions made at the outset significantly impact long-term outcomes, making informed choices crucial.

FAQs:

1. Is rectal cancer surgery the only treatment option?

Surgery is a primary treatment, but additional therapies like chemotherapy and radiation may also be required.

2. Can rectal cancer be prevented?

Regular screenings and a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk, but prevention is not guaranteed.

3. What are the side effects of pelvic exenteration surgery?

Side effects may include changes in bowel and bladder function, sexual function, and the need for an ostomy bag.

4. Can rectal cancer return after surgery?

Yes, rectal cancer can recur, highlighting the importance of follow-up care and surveillance.

5. Is rectal cancer hereditary?

While genetics can play a role, most rectal cancers are not directly inherited. However, a family history of colorectal cancer can increase the risk.

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