What to Expect Before, During, and After Colostomy Surgery?

Colostomy surgery, a life-saving procedure, involves rerouting the colon to create a stoma, allowing waste to exit the body into a colostomy bag. This procedure is performed worldwide to treat various conditions, including colorectal cancer, traumatic injuries, and inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 700,000 to 800,000 people undergo colostomy surgery each year globally. While the surgery is significant, its benefits can be profound, relieving debilitating symptoms and allowing patients to resume a normal life.

This blog will delve into the details of colostomy surgery, discussing what patients can expect before, during, and after the procedure. It will also explore the potential risks and complications associated with colostomy surgery and provide tips for managing life with a colostomy.

What is a Colostomy?

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that redirects your colon from its regular path, down towards the anus, to a new opening in your abdominal wall. The opening is known as a stoma. The colon, which produces excrement, will now discharge it via your stoma rather than your anus. You may need to wear a colostomy bag to capture the excrement as it comes out. Some people only need a colostomy for a few months, while others require it permanently.

A colostomy is frequently performed after a colectomy, which is an operation that involves removing part or all of your colon.

Dr. Deep Goel is a renowned surgeon with expertise in colostomy procedures. With years of experience, he specializes in performing colostomy surgeries and helping patients with conditions such as colorectal cancer, traumatic injuries, and inflammatory bowel diseases. His advanced surgical techniques and compassionate care make him a trusted choice for individuals seeking effective treatment and support for colostomy surgery.

Why Would You Require A Colostomy?

If you have a medical issue that prevents you from routinely using your colon or anus, you may require a colostomy. It might be a short-term intervention to help your body heal or a permanent treatment for an irreparable illness.

Some conditions that may necessitate a temporary colostomy are:

A severe infection, such as diverticulitis
Acute inflammation that is caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Your colon has suffered an acute damage
A blockage in your intestines or anus
Anal fistula (a tube from the anal cavity to the skin or another organ)
Partial colectomies (reattaching the remaining bowel ends later)

Some conditions that may necessitate a permanent colostomy are:

Incurable faecal incontinence
Advanced colorectal cancer
Permanent removal of the rectum or anus

What Happens Before The Procedure?

A colostomy is a significant procedure that requires some preparation. The following steps are involved before the procedure;

You’ll have a pre-operation assessment meeting to discuss the procedure, risks, and lifestyle changes
A nurse will take a blood sample and perform an EKG to check your health
You may be given an enema or bowel prep to cleanse your colon

On the Day of Surgery:

You’ll need to avoid eating or drinking for six hours before surgery
You may be given additional bowel prep at home
Upon arrival at the hospital, you’ll change into a gown and wait in a pre-op room
In the operating room, you’ll receive anesthesia

What Happens During The Procedure?

During the Colostomy Procedure:

The surgery may be performed laparoscopically or through open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery uses a small camera and small incisions, resulting in fewer complications and faster recovery. Open surgery involves a larger incision but allows better access in complex cases.

What Happens After The Procedure?

After the Procedure:

Depending on the section of the colon affected, the outcomes may vary
Ascending Colostomy: Liquid waste passes through the stoma, requiring careful skin protection
Transverse Colostomy: Waste is more solid, but placement may make it challenging to conceal
Descending and Sigmoid Colostomies: Waste is more familiar, and you may develop a regular bowel movement schedule

Dr. Deep Goel advises, “Recovery from colostomy surgery varies depending on individual health and the complexity of the surgery. Generally, patients can expect to stay in the hospital for about a week. After discharge, it may take several weeks to resume normal activities.”

What Are the Risks and Benefits of Colostomy Surgery?

The benefits include;

Life-saving Intervention: Colostomy surgery is often the final stage of a more complicated surgery, such as a colectomy, and can be life-saving.
Improves Quality of Life: For some, it can improve their quality of life by relieving symptoms of chronic bowel diseases.
Allows Healing: It will enable your body to heal from illnesses or injuries requiring bypassing or removing your colon.
Continued Functioning: If you require a colectomy or similar operation, a colostomy allows your body to continue functioning with the loss of a major organ.

The risks associated with this procedure are;

Anesthesia Reactions: There is a risk of reactions to anesthesia, which can include breathing problems
Injury to Nearby Organs: During the surgery, there is a risk of injury to nearby organs
Infection: As with any surgery, there is a risk of infection at the surgical site
Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding, although this is usually minimal

Dr. Deep Goel advises, “To prevent risks associated with colostomy surgery, follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. Keep the stoma clean and monitor for any signs of infection. Be cautious with your diet to prevent blockages. Stay hydrated and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Avoid heavy lifting or straining. Regularly check your stoma and surrounding skin for any changes or issues. Seek medical advice promptly if you have any concerns.”

A patient of Dr Deep shared, “After years of struggling with inflammatory bowel disease, I finally decided to undergo colostomy surgery. Dr. Deep Goel was recommended, and I am glad I chose him. His compassion and understanding made me feel at ease, and the surgery succeeded. I can now live without the constant pain and discomfort I used to experience.”

What Is The Cost Of Colostomy Surgery In India?

On average, the cost of Colostomy Surgery in India ranges from INR 50,000 to INR 3,00,000 (approximately 670 to 4,000 USD). However, these costs vary widely depending on the hospital, surgeon’s expertise, and the patient’s condition. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to get an accurate estimate.

Conclusion

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that can significantly impact a person’s life, whether it’s a temporary measure to allow healing or a permanent solution to manage a chronic condition. Careful preparation and understanding of the process are crucial before, during, and after the procedure. While risks are involved, such as anesthesia reactions and infection, the benefits, including improved quality of life and continued bodily functioning, can outweigh them.

FAQs

Can I swim or bathe with a colostomy bag?

You can swim and bathe with a waterproof cover over your colostomy bag to protect it from water.

Will I be able to eat normally after colostomy surgery?

You can usually eat a normal diet after colostomy surgery, although some foods may need to be avoided or eaten in moderation.

How often do I need to change my colostomy bag?

Colostomy bags should be changed regularly, typically every 3 to 7 days, or sooner if they become loose or leak.

Can I still participate in sports or physical activities with a colostomy?

Yes, with proper care and precautions, you can continue participating in sports and physical activities after colostomy surgery.

Is a colostomy reversible?

In some cases, a colostomy can be reversed, but it depends on the individual’s condition and the reason for the colostomy.