How Lifestyle Affects Gastrointestinal Cancer: Risks & Prevention

January 13, 2025 by Medical Content Team0
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Gastrointestinal cancer is a pressing health concern and impacts millions of people across the world. A research led by IARC states that GI cancer constitutes 26% of the new cancer cases each year. It is also estimated that it constitutes approximately 35% of the total percentage of deaths that are caused by cancer.  Besides the role of genetic factors, lifestyle choices deeply influence gastrointestinal cancer risk. 

Dr. Deep Goel, an expert GI surgeon specialising in gastrointestinal oncology, highlights that a vast percentage of GI cancers are preventable by early detection and lifestyle changes.

This blog answers how everyday habits affect GI health and suggests actionable strategies to reduce risk.

What Is Gastrointestinal Cancer and Why Is It a Concern?

Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignancies in the digestive organs, including the stomach, liver, pancreas and intestines. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally.

While medical technology has increased survival rates, GI cancer prevention remains a major focus area. Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption influence cancer development. By understanding these cancer risk lifestyle factors, we can choose habits that improve well-being and lower our risk factors.

What Role Does Diet Play in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk?

The foods we consume can either increase or decrease the likelihood of developing gastrointestinal cancers.

Foods That Increase Risk

A diet high in red and processed meats, saturated fats and sugary beverages increases inflammation and contributes to obesity, a key cancer risk factor. The rise in early-onset colorectal cancer is linked to factors such as obesity, consumption of sugary drinks, physical inactivity and intake of ultra-processed foods.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of mortality from gastrointestinal cancers due to chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances caused by excess body fat.

Foods That Lower Risk

Conversely, diets rich in fibre, antioxidants and healthy fats can help protect against gastrointestinal cancer. A study at the University of Oxford found that daily consuming a glass of milk, which provides about 300 mg of calcium, can reduce bowel cancer risk by 17%.

  • Fiber-rich foods: Whole grains, legumes and leafy greens promote gut health and reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
  • Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables: Berries, citrus fruits, broccoli and spinach help neutralise harmful free radicals.
  • Healthy fats: Incorporating olive oil, nuts and seeds supports overall gastrointestinal health.

Actionable suggestions

  • Use plant-based proteins like lentils or fish instead of red and processed meats.
  • Consume at least 3 servings of vegetables and fruits every day.
  • Water or herbal teas can be used in place of sugary drinks.
  • Focus on mindful eating and portion control.
  • Combine aerobic exercise with strength training for weight management.

How Does Physical Activity Help Prevent Gastrointestinal Cancer?

Physical inactivity is a significant lifestyle risk factor for stomach cancer. Regular physical activity reduces inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity and aids in maintaining a healthy weight, all of which lower cancer risk.

Getting Started

  • Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise, such as brisk walking or swimming per day.
  • Combine strength training exercises twice a week to build muscle and improve metabolism.
  • Make physical activity enjoyable by choosing activities you like, like dancing or cycling.

Why Are Smoking and Alcohol Major Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Cancer?

Smoking is a major risk factor for GI cancers, especially oesophageal and stomach cancers, because of the carcinogens in tobacco that directly damage DNA.

Similarly, excessive alcohol intake is linked to cancers of the liver, oesophagus, and colon. Alcohol damages the gastrointestinal lining and interferes with the body’s ability to repair DNA damage. Studies show that drinking one large glass of wine daily can increase bowel cancer risk by 15%.

Actionable Steps

  • To quit smoking: Seek support from healthcare providers, nicotine replacement therapies, or counselling.
  • To limit alcohol: Follow recommended guidelines for alcohol consumption or eliminate it entirely.

How Do Environmental Factors Affect Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk?

A 2022 meta-analysis reported that exposure to PM2.5 was linked to a 12% increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer overall and a 35% increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Environmental factors such as air and water pollution, occupational hazards and soil contamination contribute to the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers. Understanding these associations is crucial for preventive care and mitigating the global burden of GI cancers.

Reducing Environmental Exposure

  • If you are exposed to chemicals at work, use protective clothing.
  • Reduce your exposure to chemicals by using natural or organic cleaning and personal care products.
  • Fruits and vegetables should be properly cleaned to remove residues from pesticides.
  • By using indoor air purifiers and avoiding busy areas during peak hours, you can reduce your exposure to air pollution.

Why are Regular Screenings Essential for Preventing Gastrointestinal Cancer?

Changes in lifestyle decrease the risk of gastrointestinal cancer, but its early detection needs regular screenings. A colonoscopy, for instance, can identify benign polyps before they develop into cancer.

Who Should Get Screened?

  • Individuals 45 years of age and older (or earlier if there is a family history of GI cancer). The average age of individuals diagnosed with stomach cancer is 68, with about 6 out of every 10 people diagnosed being 65 or older.
  • Those with symptoms like unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits.

What is the cost of GI Cancer Surgery in India?

India is a budget-friendly alternative for GI cancer treatment. The cost of gastrointestinal cancer surgery in India depends on the type of cancer, complexity of the procedure, surgeon’s expertise, hospital and location. The cost of gastrointestinal cancer surgery is between INR 3,00,000 and INR 6,00,000 (USD 4000 and USD 7000).

One of Dr. Deep’s patients who came to India for GI cancer surgery said, “I am grateful to him for treating me. The surgery was done with precision and care, and everything from diagnosis to recovery went well. I am now cancer-free and moving towards a healthier life.

Conclusion

Though an imperative health concern, gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most preventable forms of cancer. By addressing cancer risk lifestyle factors and minimising environmental and lifestyle cancer risk, you can take meaningful steps to safeguard your health.

Start small, stay consistent, and take charge of your health today!

FAQs

1. What are the early signs of gastrointestinal cancer?

Early signs include difficulty swallowing, stomach pain, changed bowel habits and unexplained weight loss.

2. Does the risk of GI cancer increase with stress?

Chronic stress can result in harmful behaviours like smoking or eating poorly, which can increase risk.

3. Is it possible for gastrointestinal cancer to recur?

Yes, GI cancer has potential to recur like other cancers. A healthy lifestyle and regular checkups can help lower the chance of recurrence.

4. What treatment options are there for advanced gastrointestinal cancer?

Available options for treatment include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery or a combination of these.

5. How long does it take to recover after gastrointestinal cancer surgery?

It takes 4-6 weeks for initial recovery, but full recovery may take up to 6 months. This duration depends on the patient’s overall health and type of cancer surgery.

Explore more blogs: How Can Diet and Nutrition Help in Managing Gastrointestinal Cancer?


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